PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to develop and validate the first standardized Arabic continuous text near-visual-acuity chart, the Balsam Alabdulkader-Leat (BAL) chart.
METHODS
Three versions of the BAL chart were created from previously validated sentences. Reading acuity (RA) and reading speed in standard-length words per minute (SLWPM) were measured for three versions of the BAL chart and three English charts (MNREAD, Colenbrander, and Radner) for 86 bilingual adults with normal vision aged 15 to 59 years. The RA and SLWPM were compared using analysis of variance. To analyze agreement between the charts, Bland-Altman plots were used. Normal visual acuity (0.00 logMAR [log minimum angle of resolution]) was calibrated for the BAL chart with linear regression analysis.
RESULTS
Average RAs for BAL1, BAL2, and BAL3 were 0.62, 0.64 and 0.65 log-point print, respectively, which were statistically significantly different (repeated-measures analysis of variance, P < .05), but not considered clinically significant. The coefficients of agreement for RA between the BAL charts were 0.054 (between 1 and 2), 0.061 (between 2 and 3), and 0.059 (between 1 and 3). Linear regression between the average RA for the BAL chart and the MNREAD and Radner charts showed that 0.7 log-point size at 40 cm is equivalent to 0.00 logMAR, and the new BAL chart was labeled accordingly. Mean SLWPM for the BAL charts was 201, 195, and 195 SLWPM, respectively, and for the Colenbrander, MNREAD, and Radner charts was 146, 171, and 146, respectively. The coefficients of agreement for log-SLWPM between BAL1 and BAL2, BAL2 and BAL3, and BAL1 and BAL3 were 0.063, 0.064, and 0.057 log-SLWPM, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The BAL chart showed high interchart agreement. It is recommended for accurate near performance measures in Arabic for both research and clinical settings.
Vision therapy is well worth the response, time and effort. Our Son had a hard time focusing and writing neatly. After vision therapy Seth could complete a task in half the time if previously took. His abilities to focus improved greatly and so did his handwriting.
Also, he was better at listening. As a parent, we wanted learning to be fun for our Son, and vision therapy made this possible.
Vision Therapy is well worth the expense, time and effort. Our son had a hard time focusing handwriting neatly. After vision therapy Seth could complete a task in half the time it previously took his abilities to focus and improved greatly and so did his handwriting.
Also, he was better at listening. As a parent you wanted learning to be fun for our son and vision therapy made this possible.
Vision Therapy has given or son the tools he needs to be able to scan and read the written word more effectively and efficiently.
He love working with John and these working sessions give him the motivation to gladly work on his homework assignments.
It amazed us to see the difference in the tracking of his eyes and along a line of it's from the beginning to the end of the treatment.
Dr. McBryar , Kristen and John are all marvelous and we would recommend them to anyone I only wish that we would have found them sooner!
Prior to coming to the institute for vision development my son complained of daily headaches. Therapy has eliminated his headaches completely. I love knowing my son is able to learn pain-free for the rest of his life because of the work that has been done over just a few weeks in this office. He he absolutely loved coming that didn't even feel like going to a doctor or therapy. We are grateful for the relief he was able to find by coming here.
Thank you!
Seems much less frustrated with life
Reads non-stop and fast
Spelling abilities have been hugely improved
Seems much more confident
Thank You!!!
When we first came to the practice, my son did not have huge issues, but lots of small ones- trouble with reading, sports (hitting the baseball consistently), coordination, etc- that were not easily detectable,but when put together presented issues. The staff here were all very professional and loving towards him. While I was concerned in the reading, my son was concerned with the athletic side. Seeing improvement night off the bat gave him confidence that i have nor seen in him and made him want to not only Come to therapy, but also made him want to work hard. He has surpassed his grade level and above in reading and hit his first home run this year! Thank you!!!
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